江苏专转本试卷(5)
Sentences of this kind are usually automatically produced, and stereotyped in structure. They often state the obvious (e. g. Lovely day) or have no content at all (e. g. Hello).
They certainly require a special kind of explanation, and this is found in the idea that language is here being used for the purpose of maintaining good relationship between people. The anthropologist (人类学家) Bronislaw Malinowski created the phrase “phatic communication” to signal friendship—or, at least, lack of hatred. For someone to withhold these when they are expected, by staying silent, is a sure sign of distance, alienation (疏远) , or even danger.
These illustrations apply to English and to many European languages. But cultures vary greatly in the topics which they permit as phatic communication. The weather is not as universal a conversation-filler as the English might like to think. For example, Rundi women (in Burendi, Central Africa), upon taking leave, are quite often heard to say, routinely and politely, “I must go home now, or my husband will beat me.” Moreover, phatic communication itself is far from universal. Some culture say little, and prefect silence, as in the case of the Paliyans of southern India, or the American of Colombia.
16. What is the subject of the passage?
A. Language used to communication ideas.
B. Difference between English of language use.
C. A special social function of language use.
D. Relationship between language and culture.
17. In Paragraph 1, the author implies that .
A. people usually think language is only used to communicate ideas
B. the exchange about health or the weather is a universal topic
C. people will always say something when facing embarrassment
D. the example of Mrs. P and Mrs. O is common in all cultures
18. The phrase “stereotyped in structure” in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A. sentence of this kind have a variety of meanings
B. this kind of sentence has no content at all
C. the structure of these three sentences is always changing
D. sentence of this kind usually have a fixed structure
19. The phrase “phatic communication” in Paragraph 3 can be explained as .
A. exchange of ideas
B. explanation of facts
C. exchanges about heath or the weather
D. exchange for maintaining social relationship
20. In the last paragraph, the author concludes that .
A. the weather is a universal topic for human communication
B. phatic communication differs form culture to culture
C. the English and people in may Europeans countries have common language for phatic communication
D. every culture has its own way to communicate ideas
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (共40分)
21. His salary as a bus driver is much higher than .
